The theory that species persist unchanged for long periods and then undergo rapid evolutionary change is known as

The answer is punctuated equilibrium. This is a theory in evolutionary biology that says the evolution of different species proceeds in a characteristic way of relative stability for very long periods interspersed with shorter periods. During this period new species emerge as others become extinct. 

The answer your looking for is a food chain grid. it describes how nature can support itself and survival of the fittest comes into play..

The answer is d. disruptive