What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

proton gradient establishment

Chemiosmosis is the process that allows the diffusion of a molecule or an atom through the membrane. Also, it is the movement of ions across semipermeable membrane down their electrochemical gradients. In chloroplast, chemiosmotic coupling is an important factor in ATP production through proton gradient establishment.

establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane

Explanation:

the genotypes would be 50% bb and 50% bb

the phenotypes would be 50% brown and 50% white. hope this : )

the electromagnetic spectrum includes, from longest wavelength to shortest: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma-rays.