You discover a new microbe that contains peptidoglycan. based on this information, the most logical conclusion you can draw about the organism is that it

The most logical conclusion you can draw about the organism is that it gram-positive bacteria
Peptidoglycan is a strong polymer made of sugars and amino acids that can be found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. Peptidoglycan has a role in maintaining the cell shape and integrity. It will retain the crystal violet in gram staining, makes the bacteria violet colored.

Well, both latitude and intensity of light affect temperature because, the higher the light intensity, the higher the temperature and since latitude is the measure of how close you are to the equator, then the closer to the equator you are, the higher the temperature is.