Biology, 26.07.2019 18:00 kaitlyn114433

What are the three lines of fossil evidence that point to an early origin of life on earth and how do they tell us when life arose?

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I believe you are referring to Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya as the first domains of discovered organisms that are posited to be the first. Residue of organic evidence of one of these forms have been found within geologic deposits that have been dated to 3.8 bya in Greenland. Actual fossil evidence of first organisms have been found in geologic layers that date to 3.5 bya in Australia, suggesting wide divergence of deposition.

They do not tell us how life arose because it is believed that plate tectonics have almost totally removed all evidence of first organic creatures, deposits and residue, making the 3.5 bya evidence of possible singular source.

Even more significant, no naturalistic process has been found that can explain the progressive increasing complexity of biochemical compounds needed for a living entity. Chemical evolution is a myth, like Darwin's "warm little ponds" and Oparin-Haldane prebiotic soup.

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step 1: initiation

initiation is the beginning of transcription. it occurs when the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter. this signals the dna to unwind so the enzyme can ‘‘read’’ the bases in one of the dna strands. the enzyme is now ready to make a strand of mrna with a complementary sequence of bases.

step 2: elongation

elongation is the addition of nucleotides to the mrna strand. rna polymerase reads the unwound dna strand and builds the mrna molecule, using complementary base pairs. there is a brief time during this process when the newly formed rna is bound to the unwound dna. during this process, an adenine (a) in the dna binds to an uracil (u) in the rna.

step 3: termination

termination is the ending of transcription, and occurs when rna polymerase crosses a stop (termination) sequence in the gene. the mrna strand is complete, and it detaches from dna.

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4, two dominant and two recessive

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