Darwinian evolution proposes that: a. species adapt and change over time based on the environment. b. an individual can change within its own lifetime. c. species adapt based on individual goals. d. individuals determine their own biological adaptations.

A. Species adapt over time based on the environmental selection pressures. Individuals cannot go through evolution, since evolution consists of natural selection, which chooses for individuals with certain advantageous characteristics to survive, and for the individuals with disadvantageous characteristics to die. The favourable allele coding for the advantageous characteristic in individuals will then be passed on to their offspring, and natural selection continues.

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