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Food Chains/webs And Trophic Levels
Introduction to Food Chains, Webs, and Trophic Levels
Food chains, food webs, and trophic levels are all used to describe feeding relationships and energy transfer.
Food chains show one line of feeding relationships, while webs show the connection of food chains in an ecosystem.

Food Chains
Food chains show one pathway of how energy is passed through an ecosystem based on feeding relationships.
Trophic levels show the position an organism occupies. Primary producers are always the first trophic level because they support the chain.
Food Webs
Food webs are complete versions of food chains. They show multiple feeding relationships.
Organisms can be at different trophic levels in food webs. Seals are secondary consumers when they eat fish, but tertiary when they eat penguins.
Population Fluctuations in Food Webs
Every trophic level is dependent on the level below it. If the primary producer population decreases, all consumer populations will as well. If a primary consumer population decreases, then secondary consumers will decrease as well.