Bacterial cells that encounter conditions that are not favorable to survival will sometimes form a tough, protective shell containing the nucleic acid and a small amount of cytoplasm. this shell can survive harsh conditions in a kind of dormancy that may last for months or years. what is the name given to this tough, protective shell?

The correct answer will be- Endospore.

Explanation:

Bacteria under unfavourable conditions form a tough protective shell called "endospores" to ensure the survival of bacteria during environmental stress conditions.

The endospores are the tough, dormant, and non-reproductive structure produced by the bacteria belonging to the family Firmicute. The endospores provide resistance to desiccation,  temperature, chemical disinfectants, starvation, lysozyme and ultraviolet and gamma radiation.

Thus, Endospore is the correct answer.

mountains can affect the climate of nearby lands. in some areas, mountains block rain, so that one side of a mountain range may be rainy and the other side may be a desert. much of airborne moisture falls as rain on the windward side of mountains.

explanation: