Roosting areas in buildings of any height are the fundamental niche of species 1.2. competitive exclusion between the two bat species occurs because both species prefer the same roosting areas.3. in parts of the city with only tall buildings (over two stories), intraspecific competition of species 1 may occur.4. roosting areas in buildings that are one to two stories tall are the realized niche of species 1 when species 2 is present.5. the change in the roosting habits of species 1 after species 2 became established in the city is an example of character displacement.6. the competition between the species for roosting areas is an example of a interspecific competition interaction.7. the changes in the eyes of species 1 are examples of resource partitioning.

Please see below.

Explanation:

1. The fundamental niche of a species in the use of a resource results when there is no intraspecific competition. In this case we observe that in the absence of species 2, and hence no intraspecific competition, the fundamental niche of species 1 for roosting areas (i.e., the resource) is buildings of any height.

2. Competitive exclusion of the weak competitor (e.g., species 1) would occur because both bat species use the same resource (same roosting areas). In other words, bat species 1 would become extinct due to intraspecific competition due to the use of all roosting areas by species 2. However this doesn't happen. See below.

3. In parts of the city where there are tall buildings (over two stories) intraspecific competition may be observed (e.g, both species of bats may coexist).

4. The realized niche of a species in the use of a resource results when there is intraspecific competition. In other words, the realized niche is what the weak competitor is able to use when it is displaced by the stronger competitor from the other part of the fundamental niche that is thus no longer available. So, roosting areas in buildings that are one to two stories tall are the realized niche of species 1, when species 2 is present. We must infer that species 2 prefers to roost in taller buildings from which species one is displaced.

5. Yes, this is an example of character displacement because the change in behaviour makes the two species better able to coexist by reducing the competitive pressure. Their differential roosting habit makes it easier to distinguish the two species, a character that is absent when only one species is present.

6. No. The competition between both species for roosting areas is not an example of interspecific competition. It is an example of intraspecific competition.

7. I could not see the eyes of both bat species but if there is a difference in their eyes we could probably think that yes, it could possibly be due to resource partitioning, although bats hunt mostly by echolocalization, eyes may play a role if there is more light available to one species than to the other, if they forage in different places (e.g. more open vs. more closed forest) or different heights to avoid competition.

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