1.how do cells in plants (i. e., trees, flowers, etc.) get energy? 2. how do cells in animals (i. e., birds, horses, humans, etc.) get energy? 3. what is an obligate anaerobe? how do obligate anaerobes, like the bacteria c. botulinum, get energy? 4. how does each type of organism get the energy it needs for its essential life processes? 5. how do organisms get the nutrients they need to survive? 6. how do nutrients move through an environment? what drives the movement of nutrients?

The answer to your questions are as follows:
1. All living organisms including plants have to obtained energy in order to carry out life processes that keep them alive. Plant cells obtained the needed energy by converting the sugars produce during photosynthesis to energy, which they use to power cellular processes. Thus plants use cellular respiration to convert the energy stored in sugars to usable chemical energy.

2. Animal cells get the energy they need for cellular processes through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration involves the breaking down of the glucose contents of animals food through the process of glycolyis in order to produce the needed chemical energy for the cells. 

3. An obligate anaerobe is a microorganisms that can not survive in the normal atmospheric concentration of oxygen, thus such an organism grow and survive in the absence of oxygen. Obligate anaerobes obtained their energy through fermentation.

4. The method that is used by each organism to obtain the energy needed for survival depend on the type of organism that is involved. Plants and animals for instance are multi cellular living things and they obtain their energy via cellular oxidation of sugar. Organisms such as microbes obtained their energy through different means, those that can not survive in the presence of oxygen obtained their energy through fermentation process but those that can survive in the presence of oxygen obtain their energy through various means such as chemosynthesis, photosynthesis, saprophytic means,etc.
 
5. The method through which an organism obtain its nutrients depend on the type of organism it is. Plants manufacture their own food while animals feed on food produce by plants and on other animals. Some microorganisms can produce their own food using chemical substances and inorganic materials while others feed on decaying organic materials.

6. Nutrients usually move through the environment by migrating from the physical environment into the living organisms and then get recycle back into the physical environment. For instance, an animal obtained nutrients by feeding on plants. The animal use the chemical energy obtained from the food to keep alive. When the animal eventually die, the nutrient in its body move back to the soil and enter into plants again. Nutrient cycles drives the movement of nutrients in the ecosystem.

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