Which of these is an effect of overcrowding in an environment? a. species create new habitats to survive b. predator-prey relationships change c. rate of animal reproduction increases d. less energy for consumers due to fewer plants

a. as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases & the molecules move faster & further away from each other.

b. if you decrease the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the combined gas law reduces to charles's law. in this case, volume will also decrease.

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus. this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells.

explanation: