During a flood, many individuals in a population of gophers drowned. which effect of an environmental change does this best illustrate?

Death or mortality

During a flood, many individuals in a population of gophers drowned depicts death or mortality as environmental change. Death or mortality means the number of individuals die in a population with respect to time. Flood is an abiotic (non- living) environmental factor. Here, flood is responsible for drowning the population of gophers. Hence, it is considered as a limiting factor for population of gophers which can cause death.

clumped distribution, because you'de have all of the population gathered in a relatively small are.

it's the most common because it provides protection and a mate for reproduction

example: humans, seeweed, cattles, etc.