They took the human insulin gene and inserted it into a plasmid to make a recombinant plasmid. then they transformed the bacteria - which means they had the bacteria take up the plasmid. then they grew the transformed bacteria, the bacteria made insulin through protein synthesis and they isolated the insulin. brilliant!

How is ribosomal rna useful as a molecular clock? a. a large portion of the dna ring is not vital to structure or function, allowing it to accumulate neutral mutations. b. its rate of mutation increases over time as organisms continue to evolve and differentiate from each other. c. a slow mutation rate makes it useful for determining evolutionary relationships between ancient species. d. it is only found in select organisms, making it easier to compare relationships between species that have it.

Astudent reads the following text in a science book: scientific evidence tells us that the cause of earths four seasons is the tilt of earth as it revolves around the sound the student is instructed to illustrate this information in a science book. how will the student illustrate winter in the northern hemisphere? a.earths northern hemisphere will tilt away from the sun. b. earths northern hemisphere will tilt toward the sun. c.earths orbit will be farther away than from the sun d. earths southern hemisphere will tilt away from the sun.

What is the surface temperature of the ocean where hurricanes form? greater than 80 celsius approximately 27 celsius at least 76 celsius less than 10.5 celsius