Invasive species often unbalance the ecosystems into which they are introduced because a. they did not co-evolve with the natural species and lack natural controls, like predators b. they breed quickly and have the potential to overpopulate an area c. they consume local resources d. none of the above

In complete sentences describe the energy flow between the sun, the earth, and space.

Explain the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.