Court awards of damages take place ex post, and anticipation of those awards provides ex ante incentives to fulfill promises, while leaving the flexibility to breach contracts when it is efficient to do so. the parties to a contract may also write into the contract contingencies in the event of breach. this liquidated damages approach is ex ante and is based on the principle that

You work as the sales manager for a company that sells office supplies to businesses of all sizes. because the profit margins are razor-thin, you need to ensure that you are getting the very best prices on paper, pencils, pens, post-it notes, and other office supplies from the manufacturers. when reviewing the quarterly profit statement, you realize that your costs are higher than they should be, and you trace the higher costs back to an employee who has been lax about getting competitive bids to ensure the lowest prices. when you conduct your research to determine the reason for the higher costs, and take action to bring those costs back down, in which of the key management processes are you taking part?

Mauro products distributes a single product, a woven basket whose selling price is $15 and whose variable expense is $12 per unit. the company’s monthly fixed expense is $4,200. required: 1. solve for the company’s break-even point in unit sales using the equation method. 2. solve for the company’s break-even point in dollar sales using the equation method and the cm ratio. (do not round intermediate calculations. round "cm ratio percent" to nearest whole percent.) 3. solve for the company’s break-even point in unit sales using the formula method. 4. solve for the company’s break-even point in dollar sales using the formula method and the cm ratio. (do not round intermediate calculations. round "cm ratio percent" to nearest whole percent.)

Suppose that fizzo and pop hop are the only two firms that sell orange soda. the following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: pop hopadvertise doesn’t advertisefizzo advertise 10, 10 18, 2doesn’t advertise 2, 18 11, 11for example, the upper right cell shows that if fizzo advertises and pop hop doesn't advertise, fizzo will make a profit of $18 million, and pop hop will make a profit of $2 million. assume this is a simultaneous game and that fizzo and pop hop are both profit-maximizing firms.if fizzo decides to advertise, it will earn a profit if pop hop advertises and a profit if pop hop does not advertise.if fizzo decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit if pop hop advertises and a profit if pop hop does not advertise.if pop hop advertises, fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses (not to advertise, to .if pop hop doesn't advertise, fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses (not to advertise, to . suppose that both firms start off not advertising. if the firms act independently, what strategies will they end up choosing? fizzo will choose to advertise and pop hop will choose not to advertise.both firms will choose to advertise.fizzo will choose not to advertise and pop hop will choose to advertise.both firms will choose not to advertise.again, suppose that both firms start off not advertising. if the firms decide to collude, what strategies will they end up choosing? fizzo will choose not to advertise and pop hop will choose to advertise.both firms will choose not to advertise.fizzo will choose to advertise and pop hop will choose not to advertise.both firms will choose to advertise.