The unix utility ping can be used to find the rtt to various internet hosts. read the man page for ping, and use it to find the rtt to in new jersey and in california. measure the rtt values at different times of day, and compare the results. what do you think accounts for the differences?

In very simple words, the number of routers through which a packet passes on its way from source to destination is called hop count.

Ping utility can be used to measure the RTT. Ping generates a sequence of request-responses and measures the RTT. Traceroute utility can be used to measure the hop count.

Following observations were made by me regarding RTT and hop count to the given web servers:

Web Server                     RTT              Hop Count

www.columbia.edu383 ms         20

www.qualcomm.com36.500 ms6

Commands used : ping <webserver>, traceroute <webserver>.    

for ex. traceroute www.qualcomm.com

You can try this multiple times at different times of day as mentioned in the given question.

Generally, the RTT values increase with the increasing hop cont. Sometimes, different routes have different relationships between these two measures. Geographically far hops contribute far more propagation delay than the near ones.

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