What would you call a object that makes people shut up

Richardson hired j.c. flood company, a plumbing contractor, to correct a stoppage in the sewer line of her house. the plumbing company's 'snake' device, used to clear the line leading to the main sewer, became caught in the underground line. to release it, the company excavated a portion of the sewer line in richardson's backyard. in the process, the company discovered numerous leaks in a rusty, defective water pipe that ran parallel with the sewer line. to meet public regulations, the water pipe, of a type no longer approved for such service, had to be replaced either then or later, when the yard would have to be excavated again. the plumbing company proceeded to repair the water pipe. though richardson inspected the company's work daily and did not express any objection to the extra work involved in replacing the water pipe, she refused to pay any part of the total bill after the company completed the entire operation. j.c. flood company then sued richardson for the costs of labor and material it had furnished. (c) for what, if anything, should richardson be liable? explain."

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reporting of outside interests and the management of conflicts? investigators are responsible for developing their own management plans for significant financial interests. the institution must report identified financial conflicts of interest to the u.s. office of research integrity. investigators must disclose their significant financial interests related to their institutional responsibilities and not just those related to a particular project. investigators must disclose all of their financial interests regardless of whether they are related to a research project.

Which maxim is being neglected in the following conversation? eli: how did you do at the track meet? caleb: i came in second place! eli: congratulations! what was your time? caleb: six minutes, four seconds. the guy who won only beat me by three seconds. eli: really? katie said the winning time was under 6 minutes. caleb: oh, well, he might have beat me by five seconds. a)maxim of quantity b)maxim of quality c)maxim of relevance d)maxim of manner