What is the advantage of establishing and administering policies in organizations? a. it allows companies to handle situations more fairly and objectively. b. it allows companies to address issues on a case-by-case basis. c. it eliminates the need for documentation and record keeping. d. it encourages employees to defend themselves by claiming ignorance of disciplinary norms. e. it leaves a lot of room for subjective decision-making.

1. which one of the following would be an example of a supply-side market failure? a. a gas station is slowly leaking diesel fuel from its underground tanks, and after the leak is discovered, the business immediately cleans up the pollution at its own expense. b. a gas station is slowly leaking diesel fuel from its underground tanks, but the state uses taxpayer money to clean up the pollution rather than requiring the business to pay. c. your business wants to attract repeat customers by putting on a customer-appreciation picnic at a public park, but you decide not to because you couldn't prevent noncustomers from consuming the food and entertainment you provided. d. everyone rushes to the local retail outlet at midnight on the day of the release of a new video game console, and the store runs out before everyone is able to buy one.