Acompany recently announced that it would be going public. the usual suspects, morgan stanley, jpmorgan chase, and goldman sachs will be the lead underwriters. the value of the company has been estimated to range from a low of $5billion to a high of $100billion, with $45billion being the most likely value. if there is a 30% chance that the price will be at the low end, a 10% chance that the price will be at the high end, and a 60% chance that the price will be in the middle, what value should the owner expect the company to price at?

Fortress international, a large conglomerate, procures a few component parts from external suppliers and also manufactures some of the key raw materials in its own subsidiaries. aside from this, the company does not solely depend on outside distributors to reach its customers. in fact, it has its own retail stores to distribute its products. in this scenario, which of the following alternatives to vertical integration is fortress international applying? a. concentric integration b. taper integration c. horizontal integration d. conglomerate integration