Operating leverage isa. the difference between sales and variable expense. b. the use of fixed costs to extract higher percentage changes in profits as sales activity changes. c. the portion of each sales dollar available to cover fixed costs and provide for profit. d. visually portrays the relationship between profits and units sold. e. none of these

In the short-run, marginal costs are equal to the change in variable costs as output changes. ( mc = change in variable cost / change in quantity) assume that capital is fixed in the short-run. (a) start with the equation for marginal cost and derive an equation that relates marginal cost of production to the cost and productivity of labor. (b) draw a standard looking short-run marginal cost curve and use the equation you derived to explain its shape.