Chris' chai tea brewers has a debt-equity ratio of 0.74. the firm is analyzing a new project, which requires an initial cash outlay of $343,500 for equipment. the flotation cost is 8.6 percent for equity and 4.4 percent for debt. what is the initial cost of the project including the flotation costs?

As the inventor of hypertension medication, onesure pharmaceuticals (osp) inc. was able to reap the benefits of economies of scale due to a large consumer demand for the drug. even when competitors later developed similar drugs after the expiry of osp's patents, regular users did not want to switch because they were concerned about possible side effects. which of the following benefits does this scenario best illustrate? a. first-mover advantages b. social benefits c. network externalities d. fringe benefits