Slater lamp manufacturing has an outstanding issue of preferred stock with a par value of $80 and an 10% annual dividend.
a. what is the annual dollar dividend? if it is paid quarterly, how much will be paid each quarter?   
b. if the preferred stock is noncumulative and the board of directors has passed the preferred dividend for the last 2 quarters, how much must be paid to preferred stockholders in the current quarter before dividends are paid to common stockholders?
c. if the preferred stock is cumulative and the board of directors has passed the preferred dividend for the last 2quarters, how much must be paid to preferred stockholders in the current quarter before dividends are paid to common stockholders?

Aproduction line has three machines a, b, and c, with reliabilities of .96, .86, and .85, respectively. the machines are arranged so that if one breaks down, the others must shut down. engineers are weighing two alternative designs for increasing the line’s reliability. plan 1 involves adding an identical backup line, and plan 2 involves providing a backup for each machine. in either case, three machines (a, b, and c) would be used with reliabilities equal to the original three. a. compute overall system reliability under plan 1. (round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 4 decimal places.) reliability b. compute overall system reliability under plan 2. (round your intermediate calculations and final answer to 4 decimal places.) reliability c. which plan will provide the higher reliability? plan2plan1