Pierre, a cash basis, unmarried taxpayer, had $1,400 of state income tax withheld during 2018. also in 2018, pierre paid $455 that was due when he filed his 2017 state income tax return and made estimated payments of $975 towards his 2018 state income tax liability. when pierre files his 2018 federal income tax return in april 2019, he elects to itemize deductions, which amount to $15,650, including the $2,830 of state income tax payments and withholdings, all of which reduce his taxable income. as a result of overpaying his 2018 state income tax, pierre receives a refund of $630 early in 2019. the standard deduction for single taxpayers for 2018 was $12,000. how much of the $630 will pierre include in his 2019 gross income?

Jason day company had bonds outstanding with a maturity value of $300,000. on april 30, 2017, when these bonds has an unamortized discount of $10,000, they were called in at 104. to pay for these bonds, day had issued other bonds a month earlier bearing a lower interest rate. the newly issued bonds had a life of 10 years. the new bonds were issued at 103 (face value $300,000).

A) plot the m1 and m2 money stock in the us from 1990-2015. (hint: you may use the data tools provided by fred.) (b) plot the nominal interest rate from 1960 to 2014. (hint: you can either use the daily interest rates for selected u.s. treasury, private money market and capital market instruments from or the effective federal funds rate fromfred.) (c) the consumer price index (cpi) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. intuitively, the cpi represents the cost of living or the average price level. plot the cpi from 1960 to 2013.(d) the inflation rate is the yearly percentage change in the average price level. in practice, we usually use the percentage change in the cpi to compute the inflation rate. plot the inflation rate from 1960 to 2013.(e) explain the difference between the ex-ante and ex-post real interest rate. use the fisher equation to compute the ex-post real interest rate. plot the nominal interest rate and the ex-post real interest rate from 1960 to 2013 in the same graph.

Most angel investors expect a return on investment of question options: 20% to 25% over 5 years. 15% to 20% over 5 years. 75% over 10 years. 100% over 5 years.