Economists have used the ultimatum game and the dictator game in experiments designed to determine a. whether consumers believe it is fair for producers to raise the price of a product for which there is excess demand. b. whether consumers care about fairness when they make decisions. c. whether consumers understand the difference between implicit costs and explicit costs. d. whether consumers understand the rule of equal marginal utility per dollar spent.

Option(b) is correct.

Explanation:

Correct option: Whether consumers care about fairness when they make decisions.

The Ultimatum game and the dictator game economists generally used to know the fairness and the economic behavior of the consumers.

The dictator game is a derivative of the ultimatum game.

From these two games it was seen that consumers firstly thinks about their own payoff and split the amount in an unequal ratio.

In the ultimatum game, a sum of money will be given to a person and asked him to split the amount with the other person. If the other person accepts his offer then they both get the decided amount and if the other person rejects his offer then they both get nothing.

This gives us the consumers preferences, economic behavior or whether they care about the fairness or not.