Price company from time to time embarks on a research program when a special project seems to offer possibilities. in 2016, the company expends $325,000 on a research project, but by the end of 2016 it is impossible to determine whether any benefit will be derived from it. the project is completed in 2017, and a successful patent is obtained. the r& d costs to complete the project are $110,000. the administrative and legal expenses incurred in obtaining patent number 472-1001-84 in 2017 total $16,000. the patent has an expected useful life of 5 years. record these costs in journal entry form. also, record patent amortization (full year) in 2017.

Suppose that a major city’s main thoroughfare, which is also an interstate highway, will be completely closed to traffic for two years, from january 2014 to december 2015, for reconstruction at a cost of $535 million. if the construction company were to keep the highway open for traffic during construction, the highway reconstruction project would take much longer and be more expensive. suppose that construction would take four years if the highway were kept open, at a total cost of $800 million. the state department of transportation had to make its decision in 2014, one year before the start of construction (so that the first payment was one year away). so the department of transportation had the following choices: (i) close the highway during construction, at an annual cost of $267.5 million per year for two years. (ii) keep the highway open during construction, at an annual cost of $200 million per year for four years. now suppose the interest rate is 80%. calculate the present value of the costs incurred under each plan.