Grandparents plan to open an account on their grandchild's birthday and contribute each month until she goes to college. how much must they contribute at the beginning of each month in an investment that pays 7%, compounded monthly, if they want the balance to be $100,000 at the end of 18 years?

Turrubiates corporation makes a product that uses a material with the following standards standard quantity 8.0 liters per unit standard price $2.50 per liter standard cost $20.00 per unit the company budgeted for production of 3,800 units in april, but actual production was 3,900 units. the company used 32,000 liters of direct material to produce this output. the company purchased 20,100 liters of the direct material at $2.6 per liter. the direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased. the materials quantity variance for april is: