In 2018, marvin, a cash basis taxpayer, took a $2,000 itemized deduction for state income taxes paid. this increased his itemized deductions to a total that was $800 more than the standard deduction. in 2018, marvin received a $1,600 refund when he filed his 2018 state income tax return. marvin was in the 12% marginal tax bracket in 2018, but was in the 35% marginal tax bracket in 2019. how much must marvin include in his gross income for 2019?

The market for corn in country a is highly competitive. at the current market price of $5/bushel there is a shortage of 100,000 bushels of corn in this country. media reports claim that the price of corn will rise drastically in the near future. according to these reports, the neighboring country b had witnessed a similar situation recently. at the same price, the shortage in country b was also 100,000 bushels and eventually the equilibrium price in b went up to $10/bushel. both countries are known to have equal number of corn producers and the market supply of corn is identical at all prices. this, combined with the fact that consumers in the two countries also have similar tastes and preferences, led the media to conclude that the price of corn in country a would soon be as high as $10/bushel. the new equilibrium price turns out to be below $10/bushel, what inferences can be drawn?

As sales exceed the break‑even point, a high contribution‑margin percentage (a) increases profits faster than does a low contribution-margin percentage (b) increases profits at the same rate as a low contribution-margin percentage (c) decreases profits at the same rate as a low contribution-margin percentage (d) increases profits slower than does a low contribution-margin percentage

Which motion below could be made so that the chair would be called on to enforce a violated rule?