Factors that bear upon a company's organization include the external environment in which the firm operates, the nature of the decision to be made, the abilities of lower-level managers, and the firm's established practices. if a firm operates in a complex unpredictable environment with dependable lower-level managers, which of the following would be most likely true about the company?
a. it will be a centralized organization.
b. it will be a decentralized organization.
c. top management will concentrate authority at the upper levels of management.
d. top management will delegate authority only when necessary to achieve an immediate goal.

Guardian inc. is trying to develop an asset-financing plan. the firm has $450,000 in temporary current assets and $350,000 in permanent current assets. guardian also has $550,000 in fixed assets. assume a tax rate of 40 percent. a. construct two alternative financing plans for guardian. one of the plans should be conservative, with 70 percent of assets financed by long-term sources, and the other should be aggressive, with only 56.25 percent of assets financed by long-term sources. the current interest rate is 12 percent on long-term funds and 7 percent on short-term financing. compute the annual interest payments under each plan.

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

Depreciation on the company's equipment for 2017 is computed to be $18,000.the prepaid insurance account had a $6,000 debit balance at december 31, 2017, before adjusting for the costs of any expired coverage. an analysis of the company's insurance policies showed that $1,100 of unexpired insurance coverage remains.the office supplies account had a $700 debit balance on december 31, 2016; and $3,480 of office supplies were purchased during the year. the december 31, 2017, physical count showed $300 of supplies available.two-thirds of the work related to $15,000 of cash received in advance was performed this period.the prepaid insurance account had a $6,800 debit balance at december 31, 2017, before adjusting for the costs of any expired coverage. an analysis of insurance policies showed that $5,800 of coverage had expired.wage expenses of $3,200 have been incurred but are not paid as of december 31, 2017.