The discussion of abstraction in section 1.3.1 noted that one does not need to understand the makeup of the components as long as "everything about the detail is just fine." the case was made that when everything is not fine, one must be able to deconstruct the components, or be at the mercy of the abstractions. in the taxi example, suppose you did not understand the component, that is, you had no clue how to get to the airport. using the notion of abstraction, you simply tell the driver, "take me to the airport." explain when this is a productivity enhancer, and when it could result in very negative consequences.

Exercise 4-6 the following balances were taken from the books of alonzo corp. on december 31, 2017. interest revenue $86,000 accumulated depreciation—equipment $40,000 cash 51,000 accumulated depreciation—buildings 28,000 sales revenue 1,380,000 notes receivable 155,000 accounts receivable 150,000 selling expenses 194,000 prepaid insurance 20,000 accounts payable 170,000 sales returns and allowances 150,000 bonds payable 100,000 allowance for doubtful accounts 7,000 administrative and general expenses 97,000 sales discounts 45,000 accrued liabilities 32,000 land 100,000 interest expense 60,000 equipment 200,000 notes payable 100,000 buildings 140,000 loss from earthquake damage 150,000 cost of goods sold 621,000 common stock 500,000 retained earnings 21,000 assume the total effective tax rate on all items is 34%. prepare a multiple-step income statement; 100,000 shares of common stock were outstanding during the year. (round earnings per share to 2 decimal places, e.g. 1.48.)

Selected data for stick’s design are given as of december 31, year 1 and year 2 (rounded to the nearest hundredth). year 2 year 1 net credit sales $25,000 $30,000 cost of goods sold 16,000 18,000 net income 2,000 2,800 cash 5,000 900 accounts receivable 3,000 2,000 inventory 2,000 3,600 current liabilities 6,000 5,000 compute the following: 1. current ratio for year 2 2. acid-test ratio for year 2 3. accounts receivable turnover for year 2 4. average collection period for year 2 5. inventory turnover for year 2

Stocks a, b, and c are similar in some respects: each has an expected return of 10% and a standard deviation of 25%. stocks a and b have returns that are independent of one another; i.e., their correlation coefficient, r, equals zero. stocks a and c have returns that are negatively correlated with one another; i.e., r is less than 0. portfolio ab is a portfolio with half of its money invested in stock a and half in stock b. portfolio ac is a portfolio with half of its money invested in stock a and half invested in stock c. which of the following statements is correct? a. portfolio ab has a standard deviation that is greater than 25%.b. portfolio ac has an expected return that is less than 10%.c. portfolio ac has a standard deviation that is less than 25%.d. portfolio ab has a standard deviation that is equal to 25%.e. portfolio ac has an expected return that is greater than 25%.