All of the following are reasons to use an estimated method of costing inventory except: a. perpetual inventory records are not maintained. b. purchase records are not maintained. c. a disaster has destroyed the inventory records and the inventory. d. interim financial statements are required but physical inventory is only taken at the end of the financial accounting period.

The answer is: B) purchase records are not maintained.

Explanation:

There are two methods for estimating inventory costs:

Gross Profit Method : uses the information from the income statement. If operating conditions remain similar, the proportion between total sales, profits and COGS should be similar (lets say profit is 30% and COGS is 70% of total sales). You can estimate your inventory costs by using the information on total sales.  Retail Method: It is used mostly by merchandising firms (retailers) that have consistent mark-ups. You have to determine the proportion between cost and retail price (lets say the COGS is 80% of the retail price). Then if you are given the retail inventory, you can determine the COGS using the proportion determined previously.

Secured loans are protected by collateral security. examples: title loans where the borrower uses the car title as collateral security interest rates are lower and repayments are longer therefore risk is low as a collateral security is given as guarantee to the bank in case of failure to pay the loanunsecured loans are not protected by collateral security but it is given on the creditworthiness of the borrower, trusting that she/he will pay on time. examples; payday loans is a short term loan where the borrower lends money from the bank and pays is back when the borrower receives his/her wages.interest rates are high and repayments are shorter. but the risk is high as no collateral security is given as a guarantee to the bank for payment of the loan