Determine the amount of the 2019 standard deduction allowed in the following independent situations. in each case, assume that the taxpayer is claimed as another person's dependent. amount of the standard deduction a. curtis, age 18, reports income as follows: $700 interest from a certificate of deposit and $12,400 from repairing cars. $ b. mattie, age 18, records income as follows: $600 cash dividends from a stock investment and $4,700 from handling a newspaper route. $ c. mel, age 16, incur income as follows: $675 interest on a bank savings account and $800 for painting a neighbor's fence. $ d. lucy, age 15, reports income as follows: $400 cash dividends from a stock investment and $500 from grooming pets. $ e. sarah, age 67 and a widow, incurs income as follows: $500 from a bank savings account and $3,200 from babysitting.

What is product differentiation, and how can it be achieved ? what is product positioning? what conditions would head to head product positioning be appropriate?

Intronix uses copy editors, computer graphics specialists, and java programmers to produce ads for magazines and the internet. the average new ad for magazines typically requires 180 hours of a copy editor's time and 135 hours of a computer graphics specialist's time, whereas ads produced for the internet require 35 hours of copy editor time, 195 hours of computer graphics time, and 60 hours of a java programmer's time. lassie food, a dog food manufacturer, has hired intronix to produce ads in the next four week. although currently it considers magazine ads 3 times more valuable than internet ads, it still wishes to have at least 2 of each produced within the next four weeks. intronix has assigned up to 3 copy editors, 4 computer graphics specialists, and 1 java programmer, each committed to work up to 70 hours per week on the project. how many of each type of ad should be produced to maximize the overall value to lassie foods

If a bond is issued at a premium the effective interest rate is most likely