Which of the following statements is true?
a. the longer any price change persists, the greater the elasticity of demand.
b. the closer the substitutes for a particular commodity and the more substitutes there are, the more inelastic will be its price elasticity of demand.
c. the smaller the share of a person's total budget that is spent on a commodity, the greater that person's price elasticity of demand is for that commodity.
d. the demand for necessities is likely to be elastic, while the demand for luxuries is likely to be inelastic.

Dakota products has a production budget as follows: may, 16,000 units; june, 19,000 units; and july, 24,000 units. each unit requires 3 pounds of raw material and 2 direct labor hours. dakota desires to keep an inventory of 10% of the next month’s requirements on hand. on may, 1 there were 4,800 pounds of raw material in inventory. direct labor hours required in may would be:

Costco wholesale corporation operates membership warehouses selling food, appliances, consumer electronics, apparel and other household goods at 471 locations across the u.s. as well as in canada, mexico and puerto rico. as of its fiscal year-end 2005, costco had approximately 21.2 million members. selected fiscal-year information from the company's balance sheets follows. ($ millions). selected balance sheet data 2005 2004 merchandise inventories $4,015 $3,644 deferred membership income (liability) 501 454 (a) during fiscal 2005, costco collected $1,120 cash for membership fees. use the financial statement effectstemplate to record the cash collected for membership fees. (b) in 2005, costco recorded $46,347 million in merchandise costs (that is, cost of goods sold). record thistransaction in the financial statement effects template. (c) determine the value of merchandise that costco purchased during fiscal-year 2005. use the financial statementeffects template to record these merchandise purchases. assume all of costco's purchases are on credit.

Casey communications recently issued new common stock and used the proceeds to pay off some of its short-term notes payable. this action had no effect on the company's total assets or operating income. which of the following effects would occur as a result of this action? a. the company's current ratio increased.b. the company's times interest earned ratio decreased.c. the company's basic earning power ratio increased.d. the company's equity multiplier increased.e. the company's debt ratio increased.