Which of the following statements is correct? a. the bid price in a hostile takeover is generally above the price before the takeover attempt is announced, because otherwise there would be no incentive for the stockholders to sell to the hostile bidder and the takeover attempt would probably fail. b. stockholders in general would be better off if managers never disclosed favorable events and therefore caused the price of the firm's stock to sell at a price below its intrinsic value. c. well-designed bond covenants are useful for reducing potential conflicts between stockholders and managers. d. takeovers are most likely to be attempted if the target firm's stock price is above its intrinsic value.