Which of the following is an example of a shortage?

1. gar principles or "the principles"are intended to do what? a. foster an awareness of the hierarchical structure of the organization b. explain the best method of implementing biometric security techniques c. foster an awareness of the importance of good employee training d. foster an awareness of getting upper level management on board in understanding the need to implement an ig program e. foster an awareness of good record keeping principles

Verizon communications, inc., provides the following footnote relating to its leasing activities in its 10-k report. the aggregate minimum rental commitments under noncancelable leases for the periods shown at december 31, 2010, are as follows: years (dollars in millions) capital leases operatingleases 2011 $97 $1,898 2012 74 1,720 2013 70 1,471 2014 54 1,255 2015 42 1,012 thereafter 81 5,277 total minimum 418 $ 12,633 rental commitments less interest and (86) executory costs present value of 332 minimum lease payments less current (75) installments long-term obligation $257 at december 31, 2010 (a) confirm that verizon capitalized its capital leases using a rate of 7.4 %. (b) compute the present value of verizon's operating leases, assuming an 7.4% discount rate and rounding the remaining lease term to 3 decimal places. (use a financial calculator or excel to compute. do not round until your final answers. round each answer to the nearest whole number.)

During which of the following phases of the business cycle does the real gdp fall? a. trough b. expansion c. contraction d. peak