Which of the following gives rise to a positive externality?
a. deforestation leading to the extinction of many species
b. consumption of a drug to cure a communicable disease
c. sudden increase in the price of oil due to a supply shock
d. sudden increase in the demand for diamonds leading to an increase in their price

Josie, an unmarried taxpayer, has $155,000 in salary, $10,000 in income from a passive investment in a limited partnership, and a $26,000 passive loss from a real estate rental activity in which she actively participates. if her modified adjusted gross income is $155,000, how much of the $26,000 loss is deductible

Jennifer purchased a house in a brand new development in the outskirts of town. when her house was built, the nearest fire department was nearly 20 miles away. as her neighborhood developed, the density of the community called for a new fire department 1.5 miles away. what effect will the new fire station have on her homeowners insurance premium? a. a new fire department will be more demanding on local taxes. her annual premium will go up. b. the location of a fire department has no bearing on the value of her house. her annual premium will stay the same. c. the new fire department will reduce the risk of financial loss in her home. her annual premium should decrease. d. with a fire department so close (less than 5 miles), financial risk on jennifer’s home practically disappears. she will not need to pay insurance anymore.

Over the past decade, brands that were once available only to the wealthy have created more affordable product extensions, giving a far broader range of consumers a taste of the good life. jaguar, for instance, launched its x-type sedan, which starts at $30,000 and is meant for the "almost rich" consumer who aspires to live in luxury. by marketing to people who desire a luxurious lifestyle, jaguar is using: