Brobert gillman, an equity research analyst at gillman advisors, believes in efficient markets. he has been following the mining industry for the past 10 years and needs to determine the constant growth rate that he should use while valuing pan asia mining co. robert has the following information available: • pan asia mining co.’s stock (ticker: pamc) is trading at $22.50. • the company has forecasted net income and book value of equity for the coming year to be $1,420,200 and $11,115,000, respectively. • the company has also been paying dividends for the past eight years and has maintained a dividend payout ratio of 45.%.based on the information just given, what will be robert's forecast of pamc's growth rate? a. 6.60% b.11.35 c. 5.48% d. 9.90%

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Which external factor has enabled addition of special effects in advertisements and tracking of responses of customers over websites?

Astudent was asked to draw a demand and supply graph to illustrate the effect on the market for premium bottled water of a fall in the price of electrolyteselectrolytes used in some brands of premium bottled​ water, holding everything else constant. she drew the graph to the right and explained it as​ follows: ​"electrolyteselectrolytes are an input to some brands of premium bottled​ water, so a fall in the price of electrolyteselectrolytes will cause the supply curve for premium bottled water to shift to the right​ (from upper s 1s1 to upper s 2 right parenthesis .s2). because this shift in the supply curve results in a lower price left parenthesis upper p 2 right parenthesis commap2, consumers will want to buy more premium bottled water and the demand curve will shift to the right​ (from upper d 1d1 to upper d 2 right parenthesis .d2). we know that more premium bottled water will be​ sold, but we​ can't be sure whether the price of premium bottled water will rise or fall. that depends on whether the supply curve or the demand curve has shifted farther to the right. i assume that the effect on supply is greater than the effect on​ demand, so i show the final equilibrium price left parenthesis upper p 3 right parenthesisp3 as being lower than the initial equilibrium price left parenthesis upper p 1 right parenthesis .p1.​" where is the flaw in the​ student's argument? supply will shift inward. demand will not shift. demand will shift inward.