When workers are asked to participate in a research study, vulnerabilities related to the subject's employment may . the employer may encourage or deny participation of workersb. employees may experience pressure from management to participate in the study because the employer perceives the study to be advantageous to the organization. c. unions may encourage employees to participate with the expectation that "entitlements" may follow from study resultsd. the research study's finding could affect an employee's pay, benefits or promotion potential. e. all of the above:

(E)

All of the above

Explanation:

Vulnerability in research suggests that certain persons, by participating in a research, are unable to protect their own interests and as such, may suffer certain negative consequences as a result of the research.

Such people may not be able to refuse to participate in the research (for example workers in an organization suffer from research vulnerability).

Employers may feel that a research is beneficial to an organization and as such, put some pressure on workers to participate in a research that may end up being detrimental to the workers' growth prospect in the organization.

Unions may also push workers to participate in a research to gain certain benefits.

Therefore all the above listed factors may present vulnerabilities to the worker's employment.

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