Most auditors assess the risk of material misstatement as high for related parties and related-party transactions because a. of the unique classification of related-party transactions required on the income statement. b. of the lack of independence between the parties. c. of the unique classification of related-party transactions required on the balance sheet. d. it is required by generally accepted accounting principles.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the definition of a fund? a fund is a fiscal entity which is designed to provide reporting that demonstrates conformance with finance-related legal and contractual provisions separately from gaap reporting. a fund exists to assist in carrying on activities and attaining objectives where there are no specific rules or restrictions. a fund is an accounting entity which is designed to enable reporting in conformity with gaap without being restricted by legal or contractual provisions. a fund is a mechanism developed to provide accounting for revenues and expenditures that are subject to certain restrictions separate from revenues and expenditures that are not subject to restrictions.

Zachary company produces commercial gardening equipment. since production is highly automated, the company allocates its overhead costs to product lines using activity-based costing. the costs and cost drivers associated with the four overhead activity cost pools follow: activities unit level batch level product level facility level cost $ 64,800 $ 27,730 $ 15,000 $ 154,000 cost driver 2,400 labor hrs. 47 setups percentage of use 11,000 units production of 780 sets of cutting shears, one of the company’s 20 products, took 240 labor hours and 7 setups and consumed 15 percent of the product-sustaining activities. required: (a) had the company used labor hours as a company wide allocation base, how much overhead would it have allocated to the cutting shears? (b) how much overhead is allocated to the cutting shears using activity-based costing? (c) compute the overhead cost per unit for cutting shears first using activity-based costing and then using direct labor hours for allocation if 780 units are produced. if direct product costs are $150 and the product is priced at 30 percent above cost for what price would the product sell under each allocation system? (d) assuming that activity-based costing provides a more accurate estimate of cost, indicate whether the cutting shears would be over- or underpriced if direct labor hours are used as an allocation base. explain how over-or undercosting can affect vaulker's profitability. (e) comment on the validity of using the allocated facility-level cost in the pricing decision. should other costs be considered in a cost- plus pricing decision? if so, which ones? what costs would you include if you were trying to decide whether to accept a special order?

Now ray has had the tires for two months and he notices that the tread has started to pull away from the tire. he has already contacted the place who sold the tires and calmly and accurately explained the problem. they didn’t him because they no longer carry that tire. so he talked with the manager and he still did not get the tire replaced. his consumer rights are being violated. pretend you are ray and write a letter to the company’s headquarters. here are some points to keep in mind when writing the letter: include your name, address, and account number, if appropriate. describe your purchase (name of product, serial numbers, date and location of purchase). state the problem and give the history of how you tried to resolve the problem. ask for a specific action. include how you can be reached.