Latanya corporation is planning to issue bonds with a face value of $100,000 and a coupon rate of 8 percent. the bonds mature in seven years. interest is paid annually on december 31. all of the bonds will be sold on january 1 of this year. (fv of $1, pv of $1, fva of $1, and pva of $1)compute the issue (sale) price on january 1 of this year for each of the following independent cases: a. case a: market interest rate (annual): 8 percent. b. case b: market interest rate (annual): 6 percent. c. case c: market interest rate (annual): 9 percent.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

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