People enjoy outdoor holiday lighting displays and would be willing to pay to see these displays but can't be made to pay. because those who put up lights are unable to charge others to view them, they don't put up as many lights as people would like. this is an example of a

1. negative externality.
2. demand-side market failure.
3. supply-side market failure.
4. government failure.

Easel manufacturing budgeted fixed overhead costs of $ 1.50 per unit at an anticipated production level of 1 comma 350 units. in july easel incurred actual fixed overhead costs of $ 4 comma 700 and actually produced 1 comma 300 units. what is easel's fixed overhead budget variance for july?

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9. tax types: taxes are classified based on whether they are applied directly to income, called direct taxes, or to some other measurable performance characteristic of the firm, called indirect taxes. identify each of the following as a “direct tax,” an “indirect tax,” or something else: a. corporate income tax paid by a japanese subsidiary on its operating income b. royalties paid to saudi arabia for oil extracted and shipped to world markets c. interest received by a u.s. parent on bank deposits held in london d. interest received by a u.s. parent on a loan to a subsidiary in mexico e. principal repayment received by u.s. parent from belgium on a loan to a wholly owned subsidiary in belgium f. excise tax paid on cigarettes manufactured and sold within the united states g. property taxes paid on the corporate headquarters building in seattle h. a direct contribution to the international committee of the red cross for refugee relief i. deferred income tax, shown as a deduction on the u.s. parent’s consolidated income tax j. withholding taxes withheld by germany on dividends paid to a united kingdom parent corporation