Every six months, doug is asked to fill out a survey asking when he expects to buy a new vehicle and what type and model he plans to purchase. doug, along with a group of consumers with similar buying habits, has been participating in this survey for the last eight years. the gathering of this quantitative data is an example of descriptive research using a) a hierarchical format b) a cross-sectional design c) latitudinal tracking d) a longitudinal design e) ethnography