In the welding operations of a bicycle manufacturer, a bike frame has a flow time of about 17.6 hours. the time in the welding operation is spent as follows: 3 hours waiting in front of the cutting machine for the batch to start, 3 hours waiting for the setup of the machine, 2 hour waiting that the other pieces of the batch go through cutting, 2 minute at the cutting machine, and 4 hours waiting for the transfer to the welding machine. then, at the welding machine, the unit spends 1 hour waiting in front of the welding machine for the batch to start, 2 hour waiting for the setup of the welding machine, 0.6 hours waiting that the other pieces of the batch go through cutting, 0.5 minutes at the welding machine, and 2 hour waiting for the transfer to the next department. determine the exact flow time. what is the value-added percentage of the flow time?