The argument points out that if an employer reacts to poor business conditions by reducing pay for all workers, then the best workers, with the best employment alternatives at other firms, are the most likely to leave and the least-attractive workers, with fewer employment alternatives, are more likely to stay.
a. efficiency wage theory
b. adverse selection of wage cuts
c. equilibrium wage theory
d. employer wage theory

An experimenter studies the relationship between caffeine and reaction time. she designs her experiment with four groups. group 1 receives 100 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee, group 2 receives 200 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee, group 3 receives 300 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee, and group 4 receives no coffee. twenty minutes later, participants from all the groups are given a reaction-time test. in this experiment, which group is the control group?