Product placement (the use of branded products by characters in films and tv shows in return for a fee paid by the brand's owner) is commonplace today. several news agencies have done extensive reports on the common practice. how often have you seen a character drinking a brand of soda, going to shop at a named retail outlet, or using some branded electronics equipment? if you haven't noticed these ads, you are probably experiencing:

a.
defensive biases

b.
feedback variables

c.
differences in communication media

d.
perceptual filters

e.
communications deviations