Samantha is given a flu shot by her doctor. this reduces the probability that she will get the flu and it also reduces the probability that others will get the flu, too. the latter is an example of a

1. substitute good.
2. negative externality.
3. complementary good.
4.positive externality.

Iceberg storage, a leading hard drive manufacturer, recently filed for bankruptcy. while most of iceberg's competitors were shifting away from physical data storage devices toward online cloud storage services, iceberg invested most of its retained earnings in the effort to improve its hard drives. once the hard-drive market drastically declined, iceberg storage was unable to capitalize on the new technology. which of the following does this scenario best illustrate a. causal ambiguity b. knowledge diffusion c. social complexity d. path dependence