Montana mining co. (mmc) paid 200 million for the right to explore and extract rare metals from land owned by the state of montana. to obtain the rights, mmc agreed to restore the land to a suitable condition for other uses after its exploration and extraction activities. mmc incurred exploration and development cost of $60 million. mmc has a credit-adjusted risk free interest rate of 7%. it estimates the possible cash flows for restoring the land, 3 years after extraction activities begin, as follows: cash outflow probability$10 million 60%$30 million 40%a. the asset retirement obligation (rounded) that should be recognized at the beginning of the extraction activities is? b. the asset retirement obligation (rounded) that should be reported on the balanace sheet one year after activities begin is?

In march 2012, the state of california started requiring that all packaging for food and drink with the additive 4-methylimidazole (4-mi) be clearly labeled with a cancer warning. because of this, both pepsi and coke changed their formula to eliminate 4-mi as an ingredient. if pepsi and coke did not change their formula, holding all else constant, what would have happened to the demand for these goods, assuming pepsi and coke were in a competitive market? a. the demand curve for both pepsi and coke would have shifted to the right, causing the price of both products to decrease and the profits for the companies to fall. b. the demand curve for pepsi and coke would have remained unchanged, but the price of both products would have decreased and the profits for the companies would have fallen. c. the demand curve for pepsi and coke would have decreased, but the prices and profits would not have changed. d. the demand curve for only one of them would change because pepsi and coke are substitutes. e. the demand curve for pepsi and coke would have shifted to the left, causing the price of both products to decrease and the profits for both companies to fall.