An example of downward communication is
a. a conversation between colleagues that quickly becomes hostile.
b. a sales manager giving instructions to a salesperson.
c. an email message about sick leave from one staff secretary to another.
d. a company briefing held on the organization's top floor.

Seattle bank’s start-up division establishes new branch banks. each branch opens with three tellers. total teller cost per branch is $96,000 per year. the three tellers combined can process up to 90,000 customer transactions per year. if a branch does not attain a volume of at least 60,000 transactions during its first year of operations, it is closed. if the demand for services exceeds 90,000 transactions, an additional teller is hired and the branch is transferred from the start-up division to regular operations. required what is the relevant range of activity for new branch banks

Onsider the following subscription behavior information from genie, a web site that provides tools for constructing a family tree (ancestor search). subscriptions cost $9.99 per month, but you are charged for the entire year at the time of purchase. there is a one-year minimum term when you sign up for the service. once purchased, subscriptions are set to renew automatically unless the subscriber cancels them. when a membership renews, it renews for a one-year term and again you are charged for the entire year. there are no variable costs associated with providing this service to an individual customer, but genie does engage in customer relationship activities that they believe will increase customer retention. these customer relationship activities cost genie about $10 per year per customer. based on a sample of 1000 customers that joined genie five years ago, near the time when the company was founded, they were able to determine how many of those customers remained subscribers in the second year, third year etc. based on this information, genie calculated the average annual retention rate to be 20%. genie uses an annual discount rate of 8%. a. last year, genie spent $10,000 placing advertisements on google. genie management believes that these advertisements were responsible for about 300 new subscribers. would you recommend to genie management that they purchase more google ads? b. suppose a newly-introduced loyalty program increases the number of customers that remained to 30%. does this new data change your answer to 9.a? c. do you have any hesitations or concerns about making recommendations to management based on your above estimate of customer lifetime value?

Adamson company manufactures four lines of garden tools. as a result of an activity analysis, the accounting department has identified eight activity cost pools. each of the product lines is produced in large batches, with the whole plant devoted to one product at a time. classify each of the following activities or costs as either unit-level, batch-level, product-level, or facility-level. activities (a) machining parts. (b) product design. (c) plant maintenance. (d) machine setup. (e) assembling parts. (f) purchasing raw materials. (g) property taxes. (h) painting.