The term refers to a company's efforts to reach distribution channels and target customers through communications such as personal selling, advertising, public relations, and direct marketing.
1.a) social marketing
2.b) viral marketing
3.c) promotion mix
4.d) positioning

Barney corporation recognized a $100 million preferred stock balance on 12/31/2019. on january 1, 2020, barney issued $10 million in preferred dividends. on the same date, barney raised an additional $20 million via a new issuance of preferred stock. on december 31, 2020, the market value of the original amount of preferred shares rose $5 million. under us gaap, the 12/31/2020 year ending preferred stock balance is: