Suppose there is a country in which 40% of people are below age 20, 40% are between ages 20 and 40, and 20% are between ages 40 and 60. Assume no one lives above age 60 and the fertility rate is 4. The initial population size is 100.

a. Compute the proportion of young, adult, and old after 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 years.
b. Calculate the population growth rate over each period of 20 years.
c. Assume a country with the same population composition but with a fertility rate of 2 as a consequence of family planning policies. Do the same exercise as in (a) and (b) above. What is the effect of family planning policies after 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 years on i) population growth and ii) the composition of the population.

This exercise illustrates that poor quality can affect schedules and costs. a manufacturing process has 130 customer orders to fill. each order requires one component part that is purchased from a supplier. however, typically, 3% of the components are identified as defective, and the components can be assumed to be independent. (a) if the manufacturer stocks 130 components, what is the probability that the 130 orders can be filled without reordering components? (b) if the manufacturer stocks 132 components, what is the probability that the 130 orders can be filled without reordering components? (c) if the manufacturer stocks 135 components, what is the probability that the 130 orders can be filled without reordering components?