Your grandparents are talking about their retirement in a year. They told you that they should have enough in their retirement funds to pull $50,000 a year for 20 years, starting one year from today. If the discount rate is 5 percent, how much should they have in their retirement account now?

Explain whether each of the following events increases or decreases the money supply. a. the fed buys bonds in open-market operations. b. the fed reduces the reserve requirement. c. the fed increases the interest rate it pays on reserves. d. citibank repays a loan it had previously taken from the fed. e. after a rash of pickpocketing, people decide to hold less currency. f. fearful of bank runs, bankers decide to hold more excess reserves. g. the fomc increases its target for the federal funds rate.