During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, increases in the productivity of agriculture, new manufacturing technologies, and the development of more efficient modes of transportation led many people in England to move from the countryside to the city

this period of massive economic change is generally referred to as:

The Industrial Revolution

Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution (from about 1760 to about 1840) was a period of transition of technology, this period saw a shift in the methods used in production and transportation. During this period, people saw the rise of machines like steam trains, stream boats, electric motor used in manufacturing, etc. These all made processes of production and transportation far easier.

The Industrial Revolution caused a major cultural and economic change as people moved from rural areas to big cities to look for work.

The Industrial Revolution also brought about an increase in population as people continually moved to cities in search of work.

e would be the answer